{"count":424,"items":[{"code":"E100","name":"Куркумин","level":"ok","level_label":"Без существенных замечаний","note":"Куркумин — жёлтый краситель из куркумы с числовым ADI. Натуральное происхождение не отменяет необходимости учитывать длительное поступление.","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["куркумин","curcumin"],"review":{"adi":[{"text":"EFSA, 2010: 3 мг куркумина/кг массы тела в сутки. JECFA: 0–3 мг/кг массы тела в сутки; база WHO относит оценку к 2003 году (отчёт TRS 922 опубликован в 2004 году, на который ссылается EFSA). Значения согласуются и относятся к красителю, а не к массе куркумы.","sources":["assessment","jecfa"]}],"safety":[{"text":"EFSA в 2010 году поддержала ADI по исследованию на животных с коэффициентом неопределённости. Вывод о пищевом красителе не означает, что любой экстракт или высокие дозы полностью изучены.","sources":["assessment"]},{"text":"Уточнённые расчёты EFSA 2014 года показали более низкое поступление, чем расчёт по максимальным уровням 2010 года. Для детей с высоким потреблением в отдельных обследованиях сохранялось достижение или превышение ADI. Это европейская модель рациона, а не установленное превышение у детей в России.","sources":["exposure"]}],"purpose":[{"text":"Придаёт жёлтый или оранжевый оттенок, например кондитерским изделиям и десертам.","sources":["tr"]}],"sources":[{"id":"assessment","url":"https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/1679","title":"EFSA — переоценка куркумина (06.09.2010)","locator":"Abstract; выводы оценки"},{"id":"exposure","url":"https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/3876","title":"EFSA — уточнение поступления куркумина (23.10.2014)","locator":"Abstract"},{"id":"jecfa","url":"https://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/Home/Chemical/638","title":"WHO/JECFA — Curcumin / Kurkum","locator":"Evaluation: 2003; ADI; отчёт TRS 922 (2004)"},{"id":"tr","url":"https://eec.eaeunion.org/upload/medialibrary/90d/P_58.pdf","title":"ЕЭК — ТР ТС 029/2012 (20.07.2012)","locator":"Приложение 2, с.22; приложения 9–11, с.59–67"},{"id":"amend","url":"https://docs.eaeunion.org/upload/iblock/765/txjkhhqysqqmwvgazt2db8yxclc0oiju/err_31082023_84_att.pdf","title":"ЕЭК — изменения №84 (29.08.2023)","locator":"Пункт 2, подпункты 7, 13–16, 21; действуют с 27.02.2024"}],"summary":"Куркумин — жёлтый краситель из куркумы с числовым ADI. Натуральное происхождение не отменяет необходимости учитывать длительное поступление.","identity":[{"text":"Curcumin, turmeric yellow — пигменты-куркуминоиды. Пищевая добавка представляет стандартизированный краситель из куркумы и отличается от обычной пряности.","sources":["assessment","jecfa"]}],"functions":["Краситель"],"conclusion":"По E100 нельзя узнать количество красителя. Для сравнения с ADI нужны содержание куркумина и длительное поступление из разных продуктов.","description":"E100 — Куркумин. Применение, безопасность, ADI, нормы России/ЕАЭС и проверенные источники Eatify.","regulations":[{"text":"В перечне ТР ТС 029/2012. Применение зависит от категории продукта и нормативов; разрешение не распространяется на любую рецептуру.","status":"allowed","sources":["tr","amend"],"jurisdiction":"Россия/ЕАЭС"}],"rating_context":"оценка относится к пищевому красителю при допустимых условиях; она не переносится на высокодозные препараты куркумина.","content_updated_on":"2026-10-14","sources_checked_on":"2026-10-14"},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e100"}},{"code":"E101","name":"Рибофлавин (B2)","level":"ok","level_label":"Без существенных замечаний","note":"Рибофлавины — жёлтые красители на основе витамина B2. Оценки пищевого применения не следует переносить на высокие дозы витаминных препаратов.","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["рибофлавин","riboflavin"],"review":{"adi":[{"text":"JECFA, 2021: групповой ADI «not specified» для рибофлавина, его 5′-фосфата и рибофлавина из B. subtilis и A. gossypii, в пересчёте на рибофлавин. Прежние 0–0,5 мг/кг массы тела в сутки отменены. «Not specified» означает, что для оценённых пищевых применений числовой предел не сочли необходимым; это не разрешение неограниченных доз.","sources":["jecfa"]},{"text":"EFSA, 2013: числовой ADI не назначен из-за пробелов данных. Причина отличается от вывода JECFA 2021 года: это оценки разных лет и наборов доказательств.","sources":["assessment"]}],"safety":[{"text":"EFSA в 2013 году не выявила опасений по генотоксичности и сочла разрешённые применения маловероятным поводом для опасений. При этом исследований хронической и репродуктивной токсичности было недостаточно для ADI; суммарные высокие поступления изучены хуже.","sources":["assessment"]}],"purpose":[{"text":"Придают жёлтый цвет. Могут использоваться в кондитерских изделиях и десертах; конкретное применение проверяют по рецептуре и нормам.","sources":["tr"]}],"sources":[{"id":"assessment","url":"https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/3357","title":"EFSA — переоценка рибофлавинов (22.10.2013)","locator":"Abstract; выводы оценки"},{"id":"jecfa","url":"https://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/Home/Chemical/4091","title":"WHO/JECFA — Riboflavin","locator":"Evaluations: 2021, 1981; ADI и Comments"},{"id":"tr","url":"https://eec.eaeunion.org/upload/medialibrary/90d/P_58.pdf","title":"ЕЭК — ТР ТС 029/2012 (20.07.2012)","locator":"Приложение 2, с.22; приложения 9–11, с.59–67"},{"id":"amend","url":"https://docs.eaeunion.org/upload/iblock/765/txjkhhqysqqmwvgazt2db8yxclc0oiju/err_31082023_84_att.pdf","title":"ЕЭК — изменения №84 (29.08.2023)","locator":"Пункт 2, подпункты 7, 13–16, 21; действуют с 27.02.2024"}],"summary":"Рибофлавины — жёлтые красители на основе витамина B2. Оценки пищевого применения не следует переносить на высокие дозы витаминных препаратов.","identity":[{"text":"E101 включает рибофлавин E101(i) и натриевую соль рибофлавин-5′-фосфата E101(ii). Другое название рибофлавина — витамин B2, lactoflavin. Промышленный источник зависит от спецификации.","sources":["assessment","jecfa"]}],"functions":["Краситель"],"conclusion":"E101 в составе обозначает краситель. По одному коду нельзя определить поступление B2 или оценить всю пищевую ценность продукта.","description":"E101 — Рибофлавин (B2). Применение, безопасность, ADI, нормы России/ЕАЭС и проверенные источники Eatify.","regulations":[{"text":"В перечне ТР ТС 029/2012. Применение зависит от категории продукта и нормативов; разрешение не распространяется на любую рецептуру.","status":"allowed","sources":["tr","amend"],"jurisdiction":"Россия/ЕАЭС"}],"rating_context":"при разрешённом пищевом применении существенных опасений не выявлено; содержание витамина само по себе не делает продукт полезным.","content_updated_on":"2026-10-14","sources_checked_on":"2026-10-14"},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e101"}},{"code":"E102","name":"Тартразин","level":"warn","level_label":"Есть ограничения","note":"Синтетический азокраситель, связан с гиперактивностью","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"restricted","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["тартразин","tartrazine"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e102"}},{"code":"E103","name":"Алканет","level":"bad","level_label":"Стоит обратить внимание","note":"Синтетический краситель, изъят из оборота","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"banned","eu":"banned","us":"banned","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["алканет","alkanet"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e103"}},{"code":"E104","name":"Жёлтый хинолиновый","level":"bad","level_label":"Стоит обратить внимание","note":"Синтетический краситель, спорный","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"restricted","us":"banned","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["жёлтый хинолиновый","quinoline yellow"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e104"}},{"code":"E107","name":"Жёлтый 2G","level":"bad","level_label":"Стоит обратить внимание","note":"Азокраситель, отозван в ЕС","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"unknown","eu":"banned","us":"banned","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["жёлтый 2g","yellow 2g"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e107"}},{"code":"E110","name":"Жёлтый «солнечный закат» FCF","level":"bad","level_label":"Стоит обратить внимание","note":"Азокраситель, возможна аллергия","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"restricted","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["жёлтый солнечный закат fcf","sunset yellow"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e110"}},{"code":"E120","name":"Кошениль, карминовая кислота, кармины","level":"warn","level_label":"Есть ограничения","note":"Краситель из насекомых, аллерген","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["кошениль, карминовая кислота, кармины","кармин","carmine","cochineal"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e120"}},{"code":"E121","name":"Цитрусовый красный 2","level":"bad","level_label":"Стоит обратить внимание","note":"Краситель для апельсиновой кожуры, канцероген","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"banned","eu":"banned","us":"restricted","cn":"banned"},"aliases":["цитрусовый красный 2","citrus red 2"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e121"}},{"code":"E122","name":"Азорубин, кармуазин","level":"bad","level_label":"Стоит обратить внимание","note":"Азокраситель, спорный","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"restricted","us":"banned","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["азорубин, кармуазин","азорубин","кармуазин","azorubine"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e122"}},{"code":"E123","name":"Амарант","level":"bad","level_label":"Стоит обратить внимание","note":"Азокраситель, запрещён в ряде стран","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"restricted","us":"banned","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["амарант","amaranth"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e123"}},{"code":"E124","name":"Понсо 4R, пунцовый 4R","level":"bad","level_label":"Стоит обратить внимание","note":"Азокраситель, спорный","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"restricted","us":"banned","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["понсо 4r, пунцовый 4r","понсо","ponceau"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e124"}},{"code":"E125","name":"Пунцовый GN","level":"bad","level_label":"Стоит обратить внимание","note":"Синтетический краситель, не разрешён","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"unknown","eu":"banned","us":"banned","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["пунцовый gn","scarlet gn"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e125"}},{"code":"E126","name":"Понсо 6R","level":"bad","level_label":"Стоит обратить внимание","note":"Азокраситель, не разрешён","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"unknown","eu":"banned","us":"banned","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["понсо 6r","ponceau 6r"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e126"}},{"code":"E127","name":"Эритрозин","level":"bad","level_label":"Стоит обратить внимание","note":"Синтетический краситель, спорный","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"restricted","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["эритрозин","erythrosine"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e127"}},{"code":"E128","name":"Красный 2G","level":"bad","level_label":"Стоит обратить внимание","note":"Азокраситель, запрещён в ЕС","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"unknown","eu":"banned","us":"banned","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["красный 2g","red 2g"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e128"}},{"code":"E129","name":"Красный очаровательный AC","level":"bad","level_label":"Стоит обратить внимание","note":"Азокраситель, спорный","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"restricted","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["красный очаровательный ac","allura red"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e129"}},{"code":"E130","name":"Синий антрахиноновый RS","level":"bad","level_label":"Стоит обратить внимание","note":"Синтетический краситель, изъят","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"unknown","eu":"banned","us":"banned","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["синий антрахиноновый","indanthrene blue"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e130"}},{"code":"E131","name":"Синий патентованный V","level":"warn","level_label":"Есть ограничения","note":"Синтетический краситель","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"banned","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["синий патентованный v","patent blue"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e131"}},{"code":"E132","name":"Индигокармин","level":"warn","level_label":"Есть ограничения","note":"Синтетический краситель","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["индигокармин","indigotine","indigo carmine"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e132"}},{"code":"E133","name":"Синий блестящий FCF","level":"warn","level_label":"Есть ограничения","note":"Синтетический краситель","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["синий блестящий fcf","brilliant blue"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e133"}},{"code":"E140","name":"Хлорофиллы и хлорофиллины","level":"warn","level_label":"Есть ограничения","note":"E140 объединяет хлорофиллы и хлорофиллины — зелёные красители с разными оценками. Благоприятный вывод для E140(i) нельзя автоматически переносить на E140(ii).","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["хлорофилл","chlorophyll","хлорофиллы","хлорофиллины","chlorophyllins"],"review":{"adi":[{"text":"EFSA, 2015: для E140(i) числовой ADI установить не удалось из-за недостатка данных. Для E140(ii) оценка безопасности не завершена. Отсутствие числа не означает «можно без ограничений».","sources":["assessment","chlorophyllins"]},{"text":"JECFA, 1969: для хлорофиллов в базе WHO указано «not limited» — историческая формулировка без числового ADI для оценённого пищевого применения. Она не устраняет пробелы, отмеченные EFSA в 2015 году, и не является разрешением любых доз.","sources":["jecfa"]}],"safety":[{"text":"EFSA, 2015: для E140(i) при заявленных уровнях применения опасений не выявлено, но токсикологические исследования ограничены; важен контроль состава экстракта и примесей.","sources":["assessment"]},{"text":"Для E140(ii) EFSA в 2015 году не смогла оценить безопасность из-за отсутствия подходящих данных о токсичности и поведении вещества в организме. Форма и количество имеют значение; отдельная подтверждённая группа риска в этих выводах не установлена.","sources":["chlorophyllins"]},{"text":"На обзорной странице EFSA, проверенной при обновлении, последующая работа для обеих форм отмечена как продолжающаяся. Это не новое итоговое заключение.","sources":["followup"]}],"purpose":[{"text":"Придают зелёный цвет кондитерским изделиям и десертам. Условия применения отличаются по категориям продуктов.","sources":["tr"]}],"sources":[{"id":"assessment","url":"https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/4089","title":"EFSA — хлорофиллы E140(i) (07.05.2015)","locator":"Abstract; выводы оценки"},{"id":"chlorophyllins","url":"https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/4085","title":"EFSA — хлорофиллины E140(ii) (07.05.2015)","locator":"Abstract"},{"id":"jecfa","url":"https://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/Home/Chemical/369","title":"WHO/JECFA — Chlorophylls","locator":"Evaluation: 1969; ADI"},{"id":"followup","url":"https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/food-colours","title":"EFSA — Food colours","locator":"Строки E140(i), E140(ii); статус follow-up"},{"id":"tr","url":"https://eec.eaeunion.org/upload/medialibrary/90d/P_58.pdf","title":"ЕЭК — ТР ТС 029/2012 (20.07.2012)","locator":"Приложение 2, с.22; приложения 9–11, с.59–67"},{"id":"amend","url":"https://docs.eaeunion.org/upload/iblock/765/txjkhhqysqqmwvgazt2db8yxclc0oiju/err_31082023_84_att.pdf","title":"ЕЭК — изменения №84 (29.08.2023)","locator":"Пункт 2, подпункты 7, 13–16, 21; действуют с 27.02.2024"}],"summary":"E140 объединяет хлорофиллы и хлорофиллины — зелёные красители с разными оценками. Благоприятный вывод для E140(i) нельзя автоматически переносить на E140(ii).","identity":[{"text":"E140(i) — растительные пигменты хлорофиллы; E140(ii) — хлорофиллины, полученные обработкой растительного экстракта. Это разные формы, а E141 — отдельные медные комплексы.","sources":["assessment","chlorophyllins"]}],"functions":["Краситель"],"conclusion":"Если на этикетке указано только E140, подвид не раскрыт. Для понимания оценки важно различать хлорофиллы и хлорофиллины.","description":"E140 — Хлорофиллы и хлорофиллины. Применение, безопасность, ADI, нормы России/ЕАЭС и проверенные источники Eatify.","regulations":[{"text":"В перечне ТР ТС 029/2012. Применение зависит от категории продукта и нормативов; разрешение не распространяется на любую рецептуру.","status":"allowed","sources":["tr","amend"],"jurisdiction":"Россия/ЕАЭС"}],"rating_context":"для хлорофиллинов данных недостаточно для полной оценки безопасности. Это неопределённость доказательств, а не доказательство вреда каждой порции.","content_updated_on":"2026-10-14","sources_checked_on":"2026-10-14"},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e140"}},{"code":"E141","name":"Медные комплексы хлорофиллов и хлорофиллинов","level":"warn","level_label":"Есть ограничения","note":"E141 — зелёные медные комплексы хлорофиллов и хлорофиллинов. EFSA сочла данные недостаточными для оценки безопасности; это не равнозначно доказанному вреду каждой порции.","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["медные комплексы хлорофиллов","copper chlorophyll","медные комплексы хлорофиллинов","copper chlorophyllin"],"review":{"adi":[{"text":"EFSA, 2015: прежний ADI предложено отменить; новое числовое значение не установлено из-за недостатка данных. Это не формулировка «ADI не нужен».","sources":["assessment"]},{"text":"WHO/JECFA для медного хлорофилла INS 141(i) сохраняет оценку 1969 года: 0–15 мг/кг массы тела в сутки. Она относится к медному комплексу, не к массе элементарной меди. Более поздний вывод EFSA не подтверждает этот старый ориентир; причины различия связаны с достаточностью доказательств.","sources":["jecfa"]},{"text":"Для натриевых и калиевых солей медных комплексов хлорофиллинов INS 141(ii) WHO/JECFA указывает те же 0–15 мг/кг массы тела в сутки, оценка 1978 года. Вывод EFSA 2015 года о недостатке данных касается обеих форм.","sources":["jecfa-ii","assessment"]}],"safety":[{"text":"EFSA в 2015 году указала на нехватку надёжных данных о поведении в организме, генотоксичности, длительной и репродуктивной токсичности. Безопасность применения оценить не удалось; предложено отменить прежний ADI. Данные двух форм нельзя автоматически переносить друг на друга.","sources":["assessment"]},{"text":"По этой оценке нельзя назначить подтверждённую безопасную дозу или отдельную группу риска. Обзор EFSA отмечает продолжающуюся последующую работу; её статус не заменяет итогового заключения.","sources":["assessment","followup"]}],"purpose":[{"text":"Придают зелёный цвет, например кондитерским изделиям и десертам. Применение допускается только с учётом категории и нормативных условий.","sources":["tr"]}],"sources":[{"id":"assessment","url":"https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4151","title":"EFSA — переоценка медных комплексов (30.06.2015)","locator":"Abstract; выводы оценки"},{"id":"jecfa","url":"https://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/Home/Chemical/2825","title":"WHO/JECFA — Copper chlorophyll, INS 141(i)","locator":"Evaluation: 1969; ADI"},{"id":"jecfa-ii","url":"https://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/Home/Chemical/953","title":"WHO/JECFA — Copper chlorophyllins, sodium and potassium salts","locator":"Evaluation: 1978; INS 141(ii), ADI"},{"id":"followup","url":"https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/food-colours","title":"EFSA — Food colours","locator":"Строка E141; статус follow-up"},{"id":"tr","url":"https://eec.eaeunion.org/upload/medialibrary/90d/P_58.pdf","title":"ЕЭК — ТР ТС 029/2012 (20.07.2012)","locator":"Приложение 2, с.22; приложения 9–11, с.59–67"},{"id":"amend","url":"https://docs.eaeunion.org/upload/iblock/765/txjkhhqysqqmwvgazt2db8yxclc0oiju/err_31082023_84_att.pdf","title":"ЕЭК — изменения №84 (29.08.2023)","locator":"Пункт 2, подпункты 7, 13–16, 21; действуют с 27.02.2024"}],"summary":"E141 — зелёные медные комплексы хлорофиллов и хлорофиллинов. EFSA сочла данные недостаточными для оценки безопасности; это не равнозначно доказанному вреду каждой порции.","identity":[{"text":"E141(i) — медные комплексы хлорофиллов, E141(ii) — медные комплексы хлорофиллинов. Их получают обработкой растительных пигментов; это не те же вещества, что обычный хлорофилл E140(i).","sources":["assessment"]}],"functions":["Краситель"],"conclusion":"Для E141 важно различать правовое разрешение и незавершённую оценку безопасности. Одного E-кода недостаточно для расчёта дозы и индивидуального риска.","description":"E141 — Медные комплексы хлорофиллов и хлорофиллинов. Применение, безопасность, ADI, нормы России/ЕАЭС и проверенные источники Eatify.","regulations":[{"text":"В перечне ТР ТС 029/2012. Применение зависит от категории продукта и нормативов; разрешение не распространяется на любую рецептуру.","status":"allowed","sources":["tr","amend"],"jurisdiction":"Россия/ЕАЭС"}],"rating_context":"существенный пробел доказательств мешает завершить оценку. Разрешённость применения сама по себе этот пробел не устраняет.","content_updated_on":"2026-10-14","sources_checked_on":"2026-10-14"},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e141"}},{"code":"E142","name":"Зелёный S","level":"warn","level_label":"Есть ограничения","note":"Синтетический краситель","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"banned","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["зелёный s","green s"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e142"}},{"code":"E143","name":"Зелёный FCF","level":"warn","level_label":"Есть ограничения","note":"Синтетический краситель, не разрешён в ЕС","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"unknown","eu":"banned","us":"allowed","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["зелёный fcf","fast green fcf"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e143"}},{"code":"E150a","name":"Сахарный колер I (карамель)","level":"ok","level_label":"Без существенных замечаний","note":"Сахарный колер I придаёт продуктам коричневый цвет. Его следует отличать от аммиачных и сульфитных видов колера E150b–d.","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["сахарный колер i","карамель","caramel"],"review":{"adi":[{"text":"EFSA, 2011: групповой ADI 300 мг/кг массы тела в сутки для суммы E150a, E150b, E150c и E150d. Это масса колеров, а не сахара в продукте; предел нельзя выдавать отдельно каждому колеру.","sources":["assessment"]},{"text":"JECFA, 1985: для колера I ADI «not specified» при соответствии спецификации. Числовой предел не сочли необходимым для оценённого применения; это не разрешение любых количеств. Различие с EFSA объясняется групповой оценкой четырёх классов EFSA, а не отдельным новым запретом E150a.","sources":["jecfa"]}],"safety":[{"text":"EFSA в 2011 году оценила группу колеров по токсикологическим данным, в том числе исследованиям на животных. В уточнённом расчёте 2012 года суммарное поступление четырёх колеров не превышало групповой ADI в рассмотренных группах. Эти расчёты не определяют содержание в сегодняшнем конкретном продукте.","sources":["assessment","exposure"]}],"purpose":[{"text":"Используется для коричневого оттенка, например в напитках, соусах и кондитерских изделиях.","sources":["exposure"]}],"sources":[{"id":"assessment","url":"https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/2004","title":"EFSA — переоценка колеров E150a–d (08.03.2011)","locator":"Abstract; выводы оценки"},{"id":"exposure","url":"https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/3030","title":"EFSA — уточнение поступления колеров (19.12.2012)","locator":"Abstract; exposure assessment"},{"id":"jecfa","url":"https://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/Home/Chemical/423","title":"WHO/JECFA — Caramel colour, Class I","locator":"Evaluation: 1985; ADI и Comments"},{"id":"tr","url":"https://eec.eaeunion.org/upload/medialibrary/90d/P_58.pdf","title":"ЕЭК — ТР ТС 029/2012 (20.07.2012)","locator":"Приложение 2, с.22; приложения 9–11, с.59–67"},{"id":"amend","url":"https://docs.eaeunion.org/upload/iblock/765/txjkhhqysqqmwvgazt2db8yxclc0oiju/err_31082023_84_att.pdf","title":"ЕЭК — изменения №84 (29.08.2023)","locator":"Пункт 2, подпункты 7, 13–16, 21; действуют с 27.02.2024"}],"summary":"Сахарный колер I придаёт продуктам коричневый цвет. Его следует отличать от аммиачных и сульфитных видов колера E150b–d.","identity":[{"text":"Plain caramel, простой сахарный колер — смесь продуктов контролируемого нагревания углеводов. Класс I производят без аммонийных и сульфитных реагентов; это не карамельная конфета.","sources":["assessment"]}],"functions":["Краситель"],"conclusion":"E150a говорит о цвете и классе красителя. Оценка других видов колера и их примесей не переносится на E150a без проверки.","description":"E150a — Сахарный колер I (карамель). Применение, безопасность, ADI, нормы России/ЕАЭС и проверенные источники Eatify.","regulations":[{"text":"В перечне ТР ТС 029/2012. Применение зависит от категории продукта и нормативов; разрешение не распространяется на любую рецептуру.","status":"allowed","sources":["tr","amend"],"jurisdiction":"Россия/ЕАЭС"}],"rating_context":"оценка относится к пищевому колеру I при нормативном применении; она не отменяет требований к составу и количеству красителя.","content_updated_on":"2026-10-14","sources_checked_on":"2026-10-14"},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e150a"}},{"code":"E150b","name":"Сахарный колер II","level":"warn","level_label":"Есть ограничения","note":"Карамель, щелочно-сульфитный процесс","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["сахарный колер ii"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e150b"}},{"code":"E150c","name":"Сахарный колер III","level":"warn","level_label":"Есть ограничения","note":"Карамель, аммиачный процесс","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["сахарный колер iii"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e150c"}},{"code":"E150d","name":"Сахарный колер IV","level":"warn","level_label":"Есть ограничения","note":"Карамель, может содержать 4-MEI","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["сахарный колер iv"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e150d"}},{"code":"E151","name":"Чёрный блестящий PN","level":"warn","level_label":"Есть ограничения","note":"Азокраситель","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"banned","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["чёрный блестящий pn","brilliant black"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e151"}},{"code":"E152","name":"Чёрный NT","level":"bad","level_label":"Стоит обратить внимание","note":"Синтетический краситель, ограниченное применение","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"unknown","eu":"banned","us":"banned","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["чёрный nt","black nt"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e152"}},{"code":"E153","name":"Уголь растительный","level":"ok","level_label":"Без существенных замечаний","note":"Натуральный чёрный краситель","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"unknown","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["уголь растительный","vegetable carbon"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e153"}},{"code":"E154","name":"Коричневый FK","level":"bad","level_label":"Стоит обратить внимание","note":"Азокраситель, запрещён в ЕС","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"unknown","eu":"banned","us":"banned","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["коричневый fk","brown fk"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e154"}},{"code":"E155","name":"Коричневый HT","level":"warn","level_label":"Есть ограничения","note":"Азокраситель","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"unknown","eu":"allowed","us":"banned","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["коричневый ht","brown ht"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e155"}},{"code":"E156","name":"Коричневый HT дополнительный","level":"warn","level_label":"Есть ограничения","note":"Азокраситель","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"unknown","eu":"banned","us":"banned","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["коричневый ht дополнительный","brown ht extra"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e156"}},{"code":"E160a","name":"Каротины","level":"ok","level_label":"Без существенных замечаний","note":"Краситель. Происхождение и форма каротинов различаются.","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"allowed","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["каротины","каротин","бета-каротин","carotene","β-каротин","beta-carotene","растительные каротины"],"review":{"adi":[{"text":"EFSA, 2012: ADI для смешанных каротинов и бета-каротина установить не удалось. Это недостаточность оснований для числового ориентира, а не формулировка «можно без ограничений».","sources":["efsa-2012"]},{"text":"JECFA в 2019 году отозвал прежние групповые ADI 0–5 мг/кг массы тела в сутки, относящиеся к перечисленным в оценке каротиноидам и формам бета-каротина. Причины — ограниченная применимость исследований на крысах и невозможность установить общий ориентир, охватывающий в том числе интенсивно курящих. Старое значение не показано здесь как действующий ADI.","sources":["jecfa"]},{"text":"В 2024 году EFSA также не установила верхний допустимый уровень потребления (UL) дополнительного бета-каротина. UL и ADI — разные показатели; отсутствие UL не восполняет отсутствие ADI.","sources":["efsa-2024"]}],"safety":[{"text":"В 2012 году EFSA не смогла установить ADI из-за ограничений данных; в частности, крысы превращают бета-каротин в витамин A иначе, чем люди. Вывод об отсутствии опасений для ряда изученных форм красителя был связан с ограниченным поступлением, а не с любым количеством всех каротинов.","sources":["efsa-2012"]},{"text":"В оценке EFSA 2024 года риск рака лёгкого был критическим эффектом избыточного дополнительного бета-каротина. Регулятор отдельно указал, что курящим следует избегать БАДов с бета-каротином. Это вывод о дополнительном поступлении, а не доказательство такого эффекта от любой окрашенной пищи.","sources":["efsa-2024"]},{"text":"В июне 2026 года JECFA пересмотрел только оценку поступления бета-каротинов: верхняя часть диапазона оценок оказалась выше прежней. Без ADI комитет не смог охарактеризовать токсикологическую значимость этого результата; это не новый установленный предел.","sources":["jecfa"]}],"purpose":[{"text":"Придают жёлтый или оранжевый цвет. В ЕАЭС предусмотрены, например, отдельные виды масел, маргаринов, сыров и переработанных фруктовых продуктов; условия зависят от категории и формы красителя.","sources":["tr","amend"]}],"sources":[{"id":"efsa-2012","url":"https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2593","title":"EFSA — Mixed carotenes and beta-carotene as food additives (2012)","locator":"EFSA Journal 10(3):2593; Abstract: формы вещества, ограничения данных и отсутствие ADI"},{"id":"efsa-2024","url":"https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8814","title":"EFSA — Upper intake level for preformed vitamin A and β-carotene (2024)","locator":"Abstract и Conclusions: дополнительный бета-каротин, курение, отсутствие UL"},{"id":"jecfa","url":"https://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/Home/Chemical/1514","title":"WHO/JECFA — beta-carotene (synthetic)","locator":"Оценки 2019 и 2026: отзыв групповых ADI; 102-е заседание — только оценка поступления"},{"id":"tr","url":"https://eec.eaeunion.org/upload/medialibrary/90d/P_58.pdf","title":"ЕЭК — ТР ТС 029/2012","locator":"Приложение 2: перечень добавок; приложения 9–15: категории продуктов и условия применения"},{"id":"amend","url":"https://docs.eaeunion.org/upload/iblock/765/txjkhhqysqqmwvgazt2db8yxclc0oiju/err_31082023_84_att.pdf","title":"ЕЭК — изменения №84 от 29.08.2023","locator":"Действуют с 27.02.2024; изменения к приложениям 2, 9–15 и 28"},{"id":"us","url":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-A/part-73/subpart-A/section-73.95","title":"eCFR — 21 CFR 73.95, β-Carotene","locator":"Uses and restrictions: окрашивание пищи, надлежащая производственная практика и исключения"}],"summary":"Каротины — красители растительного, микробного или синтетического происхождения. Пищевое окрашивание и высокие дозы бета-каротина в БАДах требуют разной оценки.","identity":[{"text":"Актуальный перечень ЕАЭС различает бета-каротин, растительные каротины, бета-каротин из Blakeslea trispora и каротины из водорослей. Одно обозначение E160a не показывает способ производства конкретного ингредиента. Нумерация подвидов в старой оценке EFSA отличается от актуального перечня ЕАЭС.","sources":["amend","efsa-2012"]},{"text":"Бета-каротин может служить предшественником витамина A. Это не означает, что любой продукт с красителем является источником значимого количества витамина или что природное происхождение само по себе доказывает безопасность.","sources":["efsa-2024"]}],"functions":["Краситель"],"conclusion":"E160a сообщает о красителе, но не раскрывает его форму, количество и вклад в витамин A. Высокие дозы бета-каротина в БАДах нельзя приравнивать к технологическому окрашиванию пищи.","description":"E160a — каротины: формы и происхождение, пищевое применение, отозванный ADI, данные о бета-каротине и нормы России/ЕАЭС.","regulations":[{"text":"Краситель включён в ТР ТС 029/2012; решение №84 уточнило четыре формы E160a и условия применения. Разрешение зависит от формы и категории продукта.","status":"allowed","sources":["tr","amend"],"jurisdiction":"Россия/ЕАЭС"},{"text":"Смешанные каротины и бета-каротин разрешены как пищевые красители при установленных условиях. Оценка EFSA 2012 года не является разрешением на любые дозы и не охватывает все формы одним безусловным выводом.","status":"allowed","sources":["efsa-2012"],"jurisdiction":"Европейский союз"},{"text":"21 CFR 73.95 разрешает β-carotene для окрашивания пищи с соблюдением надлежащей производственной практики и исключений для стандартизованных продуктов. Эту запись нельзя автоматически распространить на все смеси, объединённые российским кодом E160a.","status":"allowed","sources":["us"],"jurisdiction":"США"}],"rating_context":"речь о технологическом окрашивании пищи при соблюдении условий. Отметка не распространяется на высокодозные БАДы и не означает, что для всех форм каротинов установлена безопасная суточная доза.","content_updated_on":"2026-10-16","sources_checked_on":"2026-10-16"},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e160a"}},{"code":"E160b","name":"Аннато, биксин, норбиксин","level":"warn","level_label":"Есть ограничения","note":"Натуральный краситель, аллерген","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["аннато, биксин, норбиксин","аннато","annatto"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e160b"}},{"code":"E160c","name":"Экстракт паприки","level":"ok","level_label":"Без существенных замечаний","note":"Экстракт паприки — оранжево-красный краситель. ADI для него указывают либо по массе экстракта, либо по сумме каротиноидов: эти числа нельзя сравнивать напрямую.","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["экстракт паприки","паприка","paprika","капсантин","капсорубин","capsanthin","capsorubin"],"review":{"adi":[{"text":"EFSA, 2015 (текст обновлён 05.06.2017): 24 мг экстракта/кг массы тела в сутки, что для изученного состава с 7,1% каротиноидов соответствует 1,7 мг суммарных каротиноидов/кг в сутки.","sources":["assessment"]},{"text":"JECFA, 2014: 0–1,5 мг суммарных каротиноидов/кг массы тела в сутки для экстракта паприки INS 160c(ii). С EFSA следует сравнивать 1,7 и 1,5 по каротиноидам, а не 24 и 1,5; оценки используют свои данные и расчёты.","sources":["jecfa"]}],"safety":[{"text":"EFSA, 2015: изученный пищевой экстракт не вызвал опасений по генотоксичности; в испытанных дозах канцерогенного эффекта у животных не обнаружено. Прямых исследований репродуктивной токсичности не было: использованы данные сходных веществ. Это ограничение доказательств, а не обещание безопасности любой формы и дозы.","sources":["assessment"]}],"purpose":[{"text":"Придаёт оранжевый или красный цвет, например кондитерским изделиям и некоторым колбасным продуктам. Для мясной продукции действуют отдельные условия.","sources":["tr","amend"]}],"sources":[{"id":"assessment","url":"https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/4320","title":"EFSA — переоценка экстракта паприки (10.12.2015; обновление 05.06.2017)","locator":"Abstract; выводы оценки"},{"id":"jecfa","url":"https://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/Home/Chemical/5866","title":"WHO/JECFA — Paprika extract","locator":"Evaluation: 2014; INS 160c(ii), ADI и Comments"},{"id":"tr","url":"https://eec.eaeunion.org/upload/medialibrary/90d/P_58.pdf","title":"ЕЭК — ТР ТС 029/2012 (20.07.2012)","locator":"Приложение 2, с.23; приложения 9–11, с.59–67"},{"id":"amend","url":"https://docs.eaeunion.org/upload/iblock/765/txjkhhqysqqmwvgazt2db8yxclc0oiju/err_31082023_84_att.pdf","title":"ЕЭК — изменения №84 (29.08.2023)","locator":"Пункт 2, подпункты 7, 13–16, 21; действуют с 27.02.2024"}],"summary":"Экстракт паприки — оранжево-красный краситель. ADI для него указывают либо по массе экстракта, либо по сумме каротиноидов: эти числа нельзя сравнивать напрямую.","identity":[{"text":"Экстракт красного перца содержит пигменты-каротиноиды, в том числе капсантин и капсорубин. Оценка красителя не равнозначна оценке любой острой приправы или экстракта паприки.","sources":["assessment","jecfa"]}],"functions":["Краситель"],"conclusion":"Название «экстракт паприки» не сообщает концентрацию пигментов. Для сравнения с ADI нужны форма вещества и реальное содержание в продукте.","description":"E160c — Экстракт паприки. Применение, безопасность, ADI, нормы России/ЕАЭС и проверенные источники Eatify.","regulations":[{"text":"В перечне ТР ТС 029/2012. Применение зависит от категории продукта и нормативов; разрешение не распространяется на любую рецептуру.","status":"allowed","sources":["tr","amend"],"jurisdiction":"Россия/ЕАЭС"}],"rating_context":"в оценённых сценариях пищевого применения поступление было ниже ADI; важны состав и чистота экстракта.","content_updated_on":"2026-10-14","sources_checked_on":"2026-10-14"},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e160c"}},{"code":"E160d","name":"Ликопин","level":"ok","level_label":"Без существенных замечаний","note":"Природный краситель/антиоксидант","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["ликопин","lycopene"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e160d"}},{"code":"E160e","name":"Бета-апо-8'-каротиналь","level":"ok","level_label":"Без существенных замечаний","note":"Краситель из группы каротиноидов","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["бета-апо-8'-каротиналь"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e160e"}},{"code":"E160f","name":"Этиловый эфир β-апо-8'-каротиновой кислоты","level":"ok","level_label":"Без существенных замечаний","note":"Синтетический каротиноид, краситель","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["этиловый эфир каротина","beta-apo-8 carotenoic acid ethyl ester"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e160f"}},{"code":"E161a","name":"Флавоксантин","level":"ok","level_label":"Без существенных замечаний","note":"Натуральный жёлтый краситель-каротиноид","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"unknown","eu":"allowed","us":"unknown","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["флавоксантин","flavoxanthin"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e161a"}},{"code":"E161b","name":"Лютеин","level":"ok","level_label":"Без существенных замечаний","note":"Природный краситель","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["лютеин","lutein"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e161b"}},{"code":"E161c","name":"Криптоксантин","level":"ok","level_label":"Без существенных замечаний","note":"Каротиноид, провитамин A","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"unknown","eu":"allowed","us":"unknown","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["криптоксантин","cryptoxanthin"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e161c"}},{"code":"E161d","name":"Рубиксантин","level":"ok","level_label":"Без существенных замечаний","note":"Натуральный каротиноид","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"unknown","eu":"allowed","us":"unknown","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["рубиксантин","rubixanthin"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e161d"}},{"code":"E161e","name":"Виолаксантин","level":"ok","level_label":"Без существенных замечаний","note":"Натуральный каротиноид","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"unknown","eu":"allowed","us":"unknown","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["виолаксантин","violaxanthin"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e161e"}},{"code":"E161f","name":"Родоксантин","level":"ok","level_label":"Без существенных замечаний","note":"Натуральный каротиноид","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"unknown","eu":"allowed","us":"unknown","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["родоксантин","rhodoxanthin"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e161f"}},{"code":"E161g","name":"Кантаксантин","level":"warn","level_label":"Есть ограничения","note":"Краситель-каротиноид, спорный","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"restricted","us":"restricted","cn":"unknown"},"aliases":["кантаксантин","canthaxanthin"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e161g"}},{"code":"E161h","name":"Зеаксантин","level":"ok","level_label":"Без существенных замечаний","note":"Каротиноид, полезен для зрения","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["зеаксантин","zeaxanthin"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e161h"}},{"code":"E162","name":"Свекольный красный (бетанин)","level":"ok","level_label":"Без существенных замечаний","note":"Свекольный красный придаёт красный оттенок. EFSA не выявила опасений при заявленных уровнях применения, но данных для числового ADI было недостаточно.","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["свекольный красный","бетанин","betanin","beetroot red"],"review":{"adi":[{"text":"EFSA, 2015: числовой ADI для E162 не установлен из-за недостатка токсикологических данных. Это отличается от заключения о ненужности числового ADI и не разрешает неограниченное употребление.","sources":["assessment"]},{"text":"JECFA, 1987: «not specified» при соблюдении спецификации, в том числе по нитратам, и надлежащей производственной практики. Числовой предел не назначен для такого применения. EFSA в 2015 году не установила ADI по другой причине — нехватке токсикологических данных.","sources":["jecfa","assessment"]}],"safety":[{"text":"EFSA в 2015 году сочла исследования токсичности, генотоксичности и длительных эффектов ограниченными или недостаточными. Однако пигменты входят в обычную пищу, а оценённое поступление бетанина из добавки было сопоставимо с обычным рационом; при заявленных уровнях применения повода для опасений не выявлено.","sources":["assessment"]},{"text":"Вывод касается пищевого красителя соответствующей спецификации и оценённых количеств. Он не определяет безопасную дозу любого концентрата; отдельная группа повышенного риска в приведённой оценке не установлена.","sources":["assessment"]},{"text":"JECFA в 1987 году отдельно подчеркнул контроль нитратов в свекольном красителе, особенно для продуктов младенцев и детей младшего возраста. Это условие качества вещества, а не доказательство превышения нитратов в конкретном продукте.","sources":["jecfa"]}],"purpose":[{"text":"Окрашивает кондитерские изделия, десерты и мороженое. Разрешённые категории и условия проверяют отдельно.","sources":["tr"]}],"sources":[{"id":"assessment","url":"https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/4318","title":"EFSA — переоценка свекольного красного (09.12.2015)","locator":"Abstract; выводы оценки"},{"id":"jecfa","url":"https://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/Home/Chemical/878","title":"WHO/JECFA — Beetroot red","locator":"Evaluation: 1987; ADI и Comments"},{"id":"tr","url":"https://eec.eaeunion.org/upload/medialibrary/90d/P_58.pdf","title":"ЕЭК — ТР ТС 029/2012 (20.07.2012)","locator":"Приложение 2, с.23; приложения 9–11, с.59–67"},{"id":"amend","url":"https://docs.eaeunion.org/upload/iblock/765/txjkhhqysqqmwvgazt2db8yxclc0oiju/err_31082023_84_att.pdf","title":"ЕЭК — изменения №84 (29.08.2023)","locator":"Пункт 2, подпункты 7, 13–16, 21; действуют с 27.02.2024"}],"summary":"Свекольный красный придаёт красный оттенок. EFSA не выявила опасений при заявленных уровнях применения, но данных для числового ADI было недостаточно.","identity":[{"text":"Beetroot red, бетанин — краситель из свёклы с пигментами группы беталаинов. На рынке бывают экстракты и порошки разной концентрации; бетанин — основной красный пигмент, а не весь состав красителя.","sources":["assessment"]}],"functions":["Краситель"],"conclusion":"Растительное происхождение не заменяет оценку состава и дозы. E162 в составе прежде всего обозначает краситель.","description":"E162 — Свекольный красный (бетанин). Применение, безопасность, ADI, нормы России/ЕАЭС и проверенные источники Eatify.","regulations":[{"text":"В перечне ТР ТС 029/2012. Применение зависит от категории продукта и нормативов; разрешение не распространяется на любую рецептуру.","status":"allowed","sources":["tr","amend"],"jurisdiction":"Россия/ЕАЭС"}],"rating_context":"вывод связан с оценённым пищевым применением; он не означает, что все возможные эффекты и высокие дозы полностью изучены.","content_updated_on":"2026-10-14","sources_checked_on":"2026-10-14"},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e162"}},{"code":"E163","name":"Антоцианы","level":"ok","level_label":"Без существенных замечаний","note":"Натуральные красители из ягод","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["антоцианы","anthocyanins"],"review":{},"seo_page":{"generated":true,"url":"/additives/e163"}},{"code":"E170","name":"Карбонат кальция","level":"ok","level_label":"Без существенных замечаний","note":"Карбонат кальция используют для технологических целей, в том числе окрашивания. EFSA в 2023 году не сочла числовой ADI необходимым, но отдельно отметила проблему примеси алюминия.","function":"","origin":"unknown","risks":[],"groups":[],"countries":{"ru":"allowed","eu":"allowed","us":"allowed","cn":"allowed"},"aliases":["карбонат кальция","calcium carbonate"],"review":{"adi":[{"text":"EFSA, 2023: для карбоната кальция E170 числовой ADI не требуется при рассмотренных пищевых применениях. Это не отсутствие нормативных пределов и не разрешение любой дозы кальция или примесей.","sources":["assessment"]}],"safety":[{"text":"EFSA, 2023: для самого E170 при сообщённых применениях и уровнях опасений не выявлено, включая рассмотренное питание младенцев младше 16 недель. Поступление кальция из технологического применения составляло небольшую часть общего рациона.","sources":["assessment"]},{"text":"Примесь алюминия EFSA сочла проблемой, требующей контроля и уточнения спецификации. Особенно тщательно оценивались специализированные продукты для младенцев. Нельзя переносить этот вывод на любые формы кальция, дозы БАД или любое детское питание.","sources":["assessment"]}],"purpose":[{"text":"Может использоваться для поверхностного окрашивания, против слёживания и как стабилизатор. В нормативных таблицах есть, например, зрелые сыры; роль в конкретном продукте зависит от рецептуры.","sources":["tr"]}],"sources":[{"id":"assessment","url":"https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/8106","title":"EFSA — последующая оценка карбоната кальция (27.07.2023; принято 20.06.2023)","locator":"Abstract; выводы оценки"},{"id":"tr","url":"https://eec.eaeunion.org/upload/medialibrary/90d/P_58.pdf","title":"ЕЭК — ТР ТС 029/2012 (20.07.2012)","locator":"Приложение 2, с.23; приложение 18, с.100–102; правила красителей, с.59–67"},{"id":"amend","url":"https://docs.eaeunion.org/upload/iblock/765/txjkhhqysqqmwvgazt2db8yxclc0oiju/err_31082023_84_att.pdf","title":"ЕЭК — изменения №84 (29.08.2023)","locator":"Пункт 2, подпункты 7, 13–16, 21; действуют с 27.02.2024"}],"summary":"Карбонат кальция используют для технологических целей, в том числе окрашивания. EFSA в 2023 году не сочла числовой ADI необходимым, но отдельно отметила проблему примеси алюминия.","identity":[{"text":"Calcium carbonate, CaCO₃ — минеральное соединение. Пищевой карбонат кальция получают из измельчённого известняка или осаждением; требования к чистоте отличают его от бытового или строительного мела.","sources":["assessment"]}],"functions":["Краситель","Антислеживающий агент","Стабилизатор"],"conclusion":"Наличие E170 не показывает, сколько кальция получит человек. Для оценки нужны назначение добавки, её количество и качество пищевого вещества.","description":"E170 — Карбонат кальция. Применение, безопасность, ADI, нормы России/ЕАЭС и проверенные источники Eatify.","regulations":[{"text":"В перечне разрешённых добавок. Технологическая функция и категория продукта определяют условия. 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